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Mass spectroscopy
David Fowkes
Chemistry A Level
Use the data here to calculate the Ar of lead.  how it works The mass spectrometer "sorts" isotopes according to their mass. It can also be used to analyse organic molecules.  Background 1.14 - 1.17 Atomic structure If a nucleus was the size of a raisin, the rest of the atom would be the size of a sports stadium https://www.mychem.co.uk/index.php/igcse-chemistry/principles-of-chemistr...
2.44 Tests for gases
David Fowkes
IGCSE Chemistry
Gases can be compressed Physically gases have a number of similarities. For example -  all gases will: fill the container in which they are placed and adopt its shapeexpand when heated and contract when cooledbe compressed if subjected to increased pressureHowever despite these physical similarities many gases are chemically very different from one another....
Trends in ionisation energies
David Fowkes
Chemistry A Level
Plasma balls use a high voltage to ionise the gas inside The trends in first ionisation energies give some important clues about the electron configuration of the elements.   What's the trend? First ionisation energies for the first 18 elementsInfogram Periodic patterns  General trends: Across a period As the nuclear charge increases so the attraction between the outermost electrons and th...
Rates and temperature
David Fowkes
Chemistry A Level
Hot and quick Investigating rates Results The rate of a chemical reaction is significantly affected by its temperature. the effect of temperature on rate can be shown visually using the Maxwell - Boltzmann distribution.  OCR Enter your text here ... Edexcel AQA The Maxwell Boltzmann curve is  a distribution curve which show...
1.47 - 1.51 Properties of covalent substances
David Fowkes
IGCSE Chemistry
Ice melts at 0 degrees C, Diamond remains solid until its temperature is above 3500 degrees Look at the images of ice and diamond.  In some senses you might say the two substances are similar.  Both substances are solid,  transparent and crystalline. In terms of bonding, they have similarities too :   In ice, atoms of oxygen are held to hydrogen atoms by covalent bonds. In diamond atoms of carbon ar...
1.47 - 1.48 Simple molecular substances
David Fowkes
Uncategorized
Ice melts at 0 degrees C, Diamond remains solid until its temperature is above 3500 degrees Look at the images of ice and diamond.  In some senses you might say the two substances are similar.  Both substances are solid,  transparent and crystalline. In terms of bonding, they have similarities too :   In ice, atoms of oxygen are held to hydrogen atoms by covalent bonds. In diamond atoms of carbon ar...
1.49 - 1.51 Covalent Giants
David Fowkes
Uncategorized
Covalent bonding can lead to the formation of lattices Covalent bonds form when electrons are shared between nuclei Atoms which can form two or more covalent bonds can bond with other similar atoms or themselves and form covalent lattices. Carbon in the form of diamond is a good example,  as is silicon dioxide in the form of quartz. A valuable lattice   Activity. Diamond - clos...
Food for thought
David Fowkes
Uncategorized
​Intro image ​Why there might still be hope.. Enter your text here ... Enter your text here ... Enter your text here ... Enter your text here ... Enter your text here ... Enter your text here ...
Aromatic compounds
David Fowkes
Chemistry A Level
Turmeric contains the aromatic compound Curcumin Intro image OCROCR 2EdexcelAQA Enter your text here ... Enter your text here ...  I had a dream!   This presentation outlines the way in which Kekule came to propose his model  for the structure of benzene. It also outlines the ways in which the kekule proposal does not adequately explain all the properties of the benzene molecu...
1.31 Finding formulae
David Fowkes
IGCSE Chemistry
Finding the formula of a compound is important to chemists. We can often predict what the formula might be because we know something about the electron configurations and the way atoms reorganise their electrons to achieve full or empty outer shells.  However, here we look at a number of reactions where accurate mass measurement...

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